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Kuhn Lajos (1844-1900)

Kuhn LajosPriest, teacher, scientist and disseminator of general knowledge.

He was born in Kistószeg (today Novi Kozarci Szerbia), and he probably studied at the Seminary in Temesvár (today Timişoara, Romania). In 1869 he was ordered priest. He taught mathematics and physics at the Piarist Gymnasium in Temesvár as a substitute teacher. In 1870 he got a degree in philosophy and from the following year he worked as a teacher at the Piarist Gymnasium. From 1880 he was vicar in Nagyszentmiklós (today Sânnicolau Mare, Romania), from 1882 sub- deacon of the district and from 1886 he was assessor at the Holy Sea.

He was the founding member of the Scientific Society of Southern Hungary (1873), and from 1877 he became the secretary of the Society. He proposed two new departments to the already existing medical, mathematics and physics departments. The natural sciences department was founded, but the engineering, geology and mining department was not, because the engineers founded a separate society.

He found important for the members to be up-to-date with the new scientific achievements, so he proposed the founding of a scientific review entitled Természet Világa (The Wold of Natural Sciences). In the beginning it was published as a scientific almanac, and later it was entitled Természettudományi Füzetek (Natural Scientific Booklets) (1877-1918). In 1877 in the local newspapers published his appeal for the founding of a museum of natural sciences and a library and asked for donation. In the first issue of the Természettudományi Füzetek he repeated his appeal and presented the goal and the advantages of the future museum. Until 1878, 76 enthusiastic donators gave 315 animals, 1273 plants, 200 minerals, 36 fossils, 175 bird eggs and 283 Forints. The most important donation was the herbarium consisting in plants (1016 species) from Banat County given by priest Ferenc Vuchetich from Ruszkabánya (today Rusca Montană, Romania). The herbarium had plants collected by Heuffel, Wierzbicki és Grossek.

He promoted and held several readings, scientific lectures and experiments. He held lectures especially in the field of mathematics and physics. During the world exposition held in Paris in 1878 he collected several pieces of information and bought for 1200 Forints demonstrative aids in the field of physics for Catholic Gymnasium in Temesvár. The expenses were covered by Bishop of Csanád Sándor Bonnáz, who was also his friend. They were both interested in scientific achievements: electric illumination, telephone, phonograph, microphone, spark igniters, projector etc.

In 1880 he was a priest in Nagyszentmiklós where he was interested in the cultural life of the town as well as in observing nature and collecting birds. He was observing the hatching and the migration of the birds on Kálmán Nákó’s estate, on the flood areas of the Maros (today Mures) river and in the reeds near the Aranka river in Nagyfalu. He was also interested in the life of aquatic birds and birds of prey. He published the results of his research in the Természettudományi Füzetek and in other scientific reviews. In 1886 he presented his vast work entitled A madárköltés Nagy-Szent-Miklós és Nagyfalu környékén az 1880-tól 1886-ig terjedő években saját megfigyelésem alapján. (The Hatching in Nagy-Szent-Miklós and in the Surroundings of Nagyfalu from 1880 Until 188, Based On My Studies) at the Conference of Hungarian Doctors and of Observers of Nature held in Buziásfürdő (today Buziaş, Romania).

He was haunting and stuffing animals. In 1896, at the Millenium world exposition held in Budapest he represented Torontál County with his collection (about 350 stuffed animals) and was awarded with solver medal. As a result, he became one of the acknowledged ornithologists of Banat County. After the drainage of the moors in Banat County he was concerned about the faith of the aquatic animals of the area. The First International Ornithologist Congress in Vienna (1884) had a great impact on him, so he started organising the ornithological research works and founding a monitoring network. In his work entitled Felhívás madártani megfigyelőállomások létesítésére Dél-Magyarországon (Appeal for the Building of Ornitology Observatories in Southern Hungary) published in 1884 in the Természettudományi Füzetek he presented thorough plan involving places, equipment and personnel. Because of the lack of professionals his plan was not put into practice.

He published 25 works in Hungarian and German. For his pioneering work as a founding member of the Natural Scientific Society he was awarded with a diploma in 1884. The information collected by him had been processed in works by János Frivaldszki (Aves Hungariae, Budapest, 1891) and Linţia D. (Păsările României I-II-III. Bucureşti, 1946-1954-1955)

As a result of reforms in the educational system, the animals stuffed by him, the renowned „bird collection from Nagyszentmiklós” were given to the local school to be used as teaching material, and as a result it got destroyed. In the Banat Museum Timişoara the male of the white-winged Scoter (Melanitta fusca) is displayed stuffed by him in 1978.

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